Big Bang

... ter we can see appears to be concentrated in spherical shells, or bubbles. This distribution is precisely what would be expected from many bangs. Each time any bang occurs, matter is spewn out in every direction. Over time, gravity pulls it back towards the point of the explosion. Matter ejected relatively slowly, which therefore remained close to the explosion site would have been pulled back long ago. Matter ejected rapidly, and thus further away, will have been slowed less. Some of it will still be moving away, while some will have begun to fall back towards the gravitational centre. There is a roughly spherical front where material ejected from the explosion will have slowed to zero velocity. Matter beyond the front will still be moving outward, the further from the front, the faster it will be moving. Matter within the front will be falling back towards the centre, the closer to the centre, the faster it will be moving. Matter close to the front will be moving slowly, either inward or outward. Thus, in the region of the front, matter will be densest. Matter much further out will be moving much faster, and therefore will be sparse.

PULSARS

Another phenomenon that gives credence to the Many Bang theory is pulsars. These are objects that give off pulses of light at regular intervals. The conventional explanation of pulsars is that they are massive neutron stars spinning rapidly and giving off a pulse of energy on each rotation, typically a few milliseconds up to a few days. This theory is very unlikely for two reasons. First, these objects are so massive that it would take tremendous energy to get one spinning rapidly. A neutron star is matter condensed from a nebula that is left after a star has gone supernova. Initially it would be spinning at the same rate as the nebula, say once every 100,000 years. To speed such a massive object up to even one rotation a day would take titanic energy. Collisions from objects it captures by its gravity would be likely to slow it down (due to conservation of angular momentum). Second, just because it is spinning is not a reason for it to give off bursts of energy. A neutron star is likely to be fairly homogeneous, and its electromagnetic field should be cylindrically symmetric (that is, symmetric around the axis of rotation). There is no reason to assume that it has some "energy geyser" on its surface that spews out a plume of radiation. Quite the opposite: once a neutron star captures matter or energy there is little chance that it could escape. The Many Bang theory offers a much better explanation for pulsars. At any time there ar ...